The September issue of the Journal of the California Dental Association explores varied aspects of local anesthesia.

Maxillary Nerve Block: The Pterygopalitine Canal Approach
Providing a profound block of the nerve V2, the maxillary nerve block via the pterygopalitine canal allows the dentist the ability to perform procedures anywhere in the maxillary quadrant that has been anesthetized.
by J. Mel Hawkins, DDS and David Isen, DDS


The Difficult To Anesthetize Tooth
A discussion of anesthesia strategies available for the "difficult to anesthetize cases".
by Christine L. Quinn, DDS


Vasoconstrictors and the Heart
The use of vasoconstrictors in local anesthetics as topical hemostatic agents and in gingival retraction cord remains controversial although data exists from which to formulate reasonable guidelines.
by Thomas J. Pallasch, DDS, MS


Localized Complications from Local Anesthesia
A review of possible adverse events that may result from local anesthetic administration.
by Daniel A. Haas, DDS, PhD


Toxicity and Allergy to Local Anesthetics
Inspired by addictive and often toxic cocaine, local anesthetics used today are safe and effective, although some rare toxicity and allergic reactions do exist.
by Andrew Chen, DDS


The Editor/
A Lesson in Diversity
By Jack F. Conley, DDS

The President/
The Historical Perspective
By Kenneth E. Lange, DDS

Commentary/
Reaching for Higher Standards
By Ed de la Vega, DDS

Impressions/
Odontology Often Is Final Piece to Grim Puzzle
By David G. Jones

Dr. Bob/
Geezerhood
By Robert E. Horseman, DDS