Local Anesthetics in Dentistry: Then and Now
The advent of local anesthetics with the development of nerve blockade injection techniques heralded a new era of patient comfort while permitting more-extensive and invasive dental procedures.
Alan W. Budenz, MS, DDS, MBA

Nitrous Oxide-Oxygen: A New Look at a Very Old Technique
With proper administration and well-maintained equipment, the nitrous oxide-oxygen technique has an extremely high success rate and a very low rate of adverse effects.
Stanley F. Malamed, DDS, and Morris S. Clark, DDS

An Overview of Outpatient Sedation and General Anesthesia for Dental Care in California
Principal pharmacologic interventions for the management of pain and anxiety in the apprehensive dental patient include oral sedation, intravenous sedation, and general anesthesia.
Tim Silegy, DDS, and Roger S. Kingston, DDS

Pediatric Oral Conscious Sedation
Oral conscious sedation can be a safe and cost-effective alternative to intravenous sedation and general anesthesia for children who could not otherwise be treated.
Tim Silegy, DDS, and Scott Jacks, DDS

Current Concepts in Acute Pain Management
The “typical” prescription to manage moderate to severe dental pain does not necessarily reflect the current literature on oral analgesics.
Mai-Phuong Huynh, DDS, and John A. Yagiela, DDS, PhD

Current Concepts in Chronic Pain Management
Treatment planning for chronic pain may include physical, pharmacological, and behavioral aspects.
Steven B. Graff-Radford, DDS